The Economist explains

What are the “hypersonic” missiles Russia has used in Ukraine?

Vladimir Putin calls the weapons invincible, but they may change little in the war

MOSCOW, RUSSIA - JUNE 24: MIG-31k fighter jet, with Kinzhal missile system, performs during Victory Day in Red Square in Moscow, Russia on June 24, 2020. Victory Day parades, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the victory in World War II, have been postponed from 9 May to 24 June due to restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) in the country. (Photo by Sefa Karacan/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

Editor’s note (March 10th 2023): This piece has been updated after a Russian strike with hypersonic missiles on March 9th.

WHEN VLADIMIR PUTIN, Russia’s president, unveiled the Kinzhal ballistic missile in 2018, he called it an “invincible” weapon and lauded its “hypersonic” capabilities. Before the invasion of Ukraine there was no way to test that claim: hypersonic weapons had never been used in a war. But on March 9th, when Russia unleashed its biggest aerial assault in recent weeks, it struck with Kinzhal missiles. At least nine people have died, and the attack briefly cut off power to the Zaporizhia nuclear power plant. Russia had used Kinzhals before, in late January 2023. It also claimed to have used them in 2022, in the early weeks of the conflict, though those reports were not confirmed by Ukraine or its Western allies. Now there is no doubt. What are hypersonic weapons, and what effect might they have on the war?

More from The Economist explains

Who are the Druze, the victims of a deadly strike on Israel?

The religious minority has often been caught up in regional crossfire in the Middle East

Myanmar’s rapidly changing civil war, in maps and charts

Ethnic militias and pro-democracy groups are scoring victories against the governing junta


Who will be Kamala Harris’s running-mate?

She is reportedly vetting a dozen options. These are the top three


Why have so few American presidents been from the West?

Kamala Harris’s nomination would be a milestone for the region

Why the Olympics still has a doping problem

Cheating with drugs has again become an organised affair

Why some Russian athletes will be eligible to compete at the Paris Olympics

Despite antipathy between the Russian government and the International Olympic Committee a handful will compete